24 June.2016.Moral Studies-Chapter 4 : Moral Values and Religion

Date:24 June 2016,Friday

Chapter 4 : Moral Values and Religion

Religion has profoundly affected human conscious life and moral behavior for over 2,000 years

For western civilization, morality has been identified with adherence to religion.


Religion and Morality

1. To act immorally has been seen as essentially disobeying God. 
2. Religion has dominated the moral landscape to appear to be indistinguishable from morality
3. most people identify morality with religion 

Islam 
the islamic moral system stems from its primary creed of belief in One God as the creator ans sustained of the universe. islam considers the human race to be a part of God creation and as his subjects. from an Islamic perspective, the purpose of human life is to worship God, by leading this worldly life in harmony with the divine will and there by achieve peasce in the word nd everlasting success in the life of the hereafter. Muslims look to the glorious quran and the traditions of the prophet as their moral guides

Confucianism
Now, we return to the concept of xi which is not an innate quality of "good" or "evil" in each person. However, xi symbolizes a mysterious power that manifests as the human capacity or potentiality for learning. Confucianism teaches that when a person is born, he is not predisposed toward being a hero or a villain. However the question of whether man in born good, neutral, or evil is an enigma that philosophers have been grappling with for thousands of years. Trying to understand whether man is born good, evil or neither calls for an assumptive theory that can become the foundation for an entire philosophy. Confucian philosophy rests on the idea that man is not born inherently good, and must learn how to behave ethically. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the thinking of Confucius with other great philosophers who have pondered over this question of whether man has any innate qualities. First we turn to Plato who agrees with Confucius Plato contends that man must learn how to  be good according to societal and cultural norms.

Named of philosopher (Confucian)

Buddhism
Essentially, according to Buddhist teachings, the ethical and moral principles are governed by examining whether a certain action, whether connected to body or speech is likely to be harmful to one's self or to others and thereby avoiding any actions which are likely to be harmful. In Buddhism, there is much talk of a skilled mind. A mind that is skillful avoids actions that are likely to cause suffering or remorse. Moral conduct for Buddhists differs according to whether it applies to the laity or to the Sang-ha or clergy. A lay Buddhist should cultivate good conduct by training in what are known as the 5 precepts. These are not like, say, the 10 commandments, which, if broken, entail punishment by God.  The 5 precepts are training rules, which, if one were to break any of them, one should be aware of the breech and examine how such a breech may be avoided in the future. The resultant of an action (often referred to as karma) depends on the intention more that the action itself. It entails less feelings of guilt than its Judeo - Christian counterpart. Buddhism places a great emphasis on "mind" and it is mental anguish such as remorse anxiety guilt etc which is to be avoided in order to cultivate a calm and peaceful mind

cycle of life:karma

You are borm what you are


Taoism

Harmony is the most moral precept in Taoism. Taoism teaches that the world is divine and human interference often destroys the natural order. Consequently, Taoist to seek to maintain natural harmony. Worldly forces such as darkness and light balance each other out and moral Taoists respect this balance without tipping it any one way through their actions. Taoism forbids actions that would violate this balance, such as murder, lying and promiscuity. Similarly, Taoist morality emphasize self control and followers should avoid letting their desires compel them toward action.

Hinduism
Hinduism teaches that humans are moral agents who have the imperative of applying their understanding of their religion to their daily lives, Hindus believe that the supreme reality, Brahman, exists in all thins, including the bodies of all individuals. Hindu morality preaches the importance of understanding and realizing this divine presence. Hindu morality preaches the importance of action in daily life and karma is the chief agent of this morality. If an individual acts morally by helping others, worshiping deities and acting selflessly, she accrues positive karma, but when individuals fail to live up to that standard and perform acts motivated by greed or hatred, they accrue negative karma, Hindus believe that when good things happen to them, its a result of positive karma, while bad outcomes are a result of negative karma. The Hindu belief in reincarnation means that karma also extends across lifetimes and a negative event may be the result of bad karma from a person's previous life.

24.06.2016.English For Social Skills- Chapter 4 : Public Speaking and Communication

Date : 24 June 2016

Chapter 4 : Public Speaking and Communication

Public Speaking as a form of communication

1. Dyadic communication : communication between 2 people
2. Small group communication : small number of people who can see and speak directly with each other.  
3. Mass communication : a speak and a large audience of unknown people
4. Public speaking : a speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience who are present during delivery. 

What is the similarities between public speaking and other forms of communication?

• like small group communication, public speaking requires you to clearly address issues that are relevant to the topic and occasion
• like mass communication, you have to appeal to a listener's interest, attitudes and values
• like in conversations, you have to attempt to make yourself understood, involve and respond to the listeners and take responsibility for what you say.

What is difference between public speaking and other forms of communication?

• Feedback in public speaking is more restrictive
• preparation must be careful and extensive
• the degree of formality tends to be higher

Public Speaking and the Communication Process
communication is an interactive process in which people exchange and interpret messages with one another

Element of communication
special speaker consideration
speech, context, goal and outcome

Elements of Communication
source : person who creates a message - encoding - physical process of delivering a message
receiver : recipient of the source's message - decoding - process of interpreting speaker's message
message : content of the communication process, thought and ideas

Elements of Communication
Channel : medium through which the speaker sends a message
Noise : interference that serves as a barrier to communication
Audience Perspective : need, Attitude, and values of the audience
Sharing Meaning : mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience.


Special Speaker Consideration

1. Speech context: Factors that influence the audience, the speech or the occasion
2. Main a clear focus on your goal
3. Make sue afterward that you have accomplished the goal you set out to reach

Remark : Speaker must reach or achieve the outcome

Learning to speak in public

1. Draw on familiar skills
2. Recognize public speaking's unique requirements
3. Aim to become a culturally sensitive speaker
4. Public speaking is a acquired skill - people have to devote time and effort to improvement

Draw on familiar skills

1. there are many skills to public speaking that you have used unknowingly throughout your life, in conversation and writing.

2. Writing and public speaking have many similarities

• each require a focused sense of the audience
• each require research and documentation
• both use effective transitions
• both rely on persuasion

3 .Conversation and public speaking also have many similarities
both require the speaker to consider the audience, the topic and the occasion
however, conversation is more informal, public speaking requires formal language.

Recognize public speaking unique requirements
use familiar words and straightforward syntax
use a conversational tone along with a formal style

Aim to become a culturally sensitive speaker
recognize and appreciate all forms of diversity
create a sense of inclusion
avoid ethnocentrism : the belief that the way of one's own culture are superior to those of other cultures

Remark : ethnocentrism is origin from ethnic

Classical roots in public speaking
rhetoric : the practice of oratory
the cannons of rhetoric : the five part process of preparing a speech

invention - adapting to the audience
arrangement - organizing the speech
style - language choice ( sense of humor )
memory - practicing the speech
delivery - vocal and nonvocal behavior

Remark : Rhetoric : the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing. Oratory : type of public speaking

English For Social Skill Presentation ( 1st July 2016 )

Choose one question to present 

1. The world is a smaller place these days
2. Real wealth is never measured in money or possessions

Content of your presentation must consist of 

1. Introduction
2. Agree or Disagree? Why?
3. Conclusion 

If we can blend all these together and achieve the balance between

• Time - Freedom
• Love - Respect,
• Health -
• Wealth -
• Achievement - Wisdom, Academic
• Social

" money is nothing, but its something" 

20 June 2016.Site Survey - Chapter 5 Linear Surveying

20 June 2016, Monday, 11am. Site Surveying Lecture 5 Linear Surveying

 

 

Linear Measurements : Approximate

Using Passometer : A passometer s a watch like instrument which is carried vertically in the pocket of shirt or tied to a leg. it records number of steps taken. thus the problems of counting number of steps is eliminated in this approximate method of liner measurement

If you change your car wheel from 15 inches to 16 inches, do you think the speedometer will still accurate to measure the speed?

 

Catenary mean a curve formed by a wire, rope, or chain hanging freely from two points and forming a U shape.

 

thing must not missed when reading this map

1. legend
2. note
3. date
4. authorized
5. boundary

20 June.2016.Building Tech-Chapter 5 Preliminaries

20 June 2016, Monday, 900am. Building Tech 1, Chapter 5 : Primilinaries

Topic : PRELIMINARIES

Preliminary inspection and survey of site, setting out of building.

Accommodation, storage and security

shallow excavation and timbering

The reconnaissance phose of a site investigation

• this site investigation is done through a site visit or walk over survey
• important evidences to look for are site lay out, surface condition, climate and hazards water levels.

Preliminary Investigation 
Preliminary investigation is aimed at predicting the geological stuctures, soil profiles and the position of ground water table by geophysical method or by making a few boreholes.
The investigation should give information on the existence on ground structures that may need closer examination : for example

• the extent of disturbed strata
• the location and extend of natural cvities and mine workings
• fractures and river crossing or alluvial areas that may have buried soft material or pet, their liability to cause subsidence, surface movements or instability
• information on suitability of solid for fills work, ground water condition and the possibility of flood should be provided at this stage

why water turn green?

Detailed investigation
at this stage, the extent of the tes, number and depth of boreholes, selectoin of appropriate qeuipmen for filed testing and the choic of laboratory testing are made.

solid exploration consists of 3 steps

1. boring and in-situ testing
2. sampling
3. laboratory testing

Monitoring

• motoring during construction and maintenance period is required whether the expectations of the proceeding investigation have been realize
• no one can ensure that the soil parameters used for design is the most representative of the soil conditions at the site unless the response is observed
• field observation can help for earlry diagnosis and redemption of any problem that might be encounters during construction
• among the measurement made during the monitoring stage are the settlement, displacement, deformation, inclination and pore water pressure.

Boring
soild boring s are the most common method of subsurface exploration in the field. A bore hold is used to determine the nature of the ground in a qualitative manner and then revocer disturbed and undisturbed samples for quantitative examination.

some types of borings are hand or mechanical auger borings, wash borings, percussion drilling, rotary drilling and core borings An auger is screw like tool used to bore a hold

some augers are operated by hand : others are power operated.

Boring Log

Contractors responsibility after being given possession and site layout plan and details drawings necessary

Commencing tasks

•  clearing the site
• setting out the building
• establishing a datum level 

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3525219/Chinese-five-star-hotel-built-inside-quarry-100-yards-beneath-ground-level-Shanghai.html

some country require developer do day light analysis before the plan approved.

in the eye of fire engine, property owner should left 1 meter

Setting Out The Site
set up profile board after the main building lines

• should set up clear of the foundations tranceh positions to locate the trench, foundations and walls
• required at all trench and wall intersections